Women's Health

General Women's Health

Women have health issues due to a complex reproductive system that makes them unique from men.

General women's health refers to women's overall physical and emotional well-being, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a wide range of conditions and diseases that are specific to women or affect women differently than men. This can include reproductive health, gynaecological health, mental health, and overall physical health and wellness.

Women's Health also promotes healthy behaviours and lifestyle choices to help prevent or manage certain health conditions.

Among the many health issues impacting women, we’ll support you with the following:

  • Health Checks
  • Birth Control
  • Mirena Coil Insertion
  • Menopause Counselling
  • Cervical Screening

If you are a woman with any questions or need advice, make an appointment to see your doctor.

Regular Health Checks

Regular assessments are essential for women’s health. Cervical cancer and precancerous cervix changes are common problems that should be assessed and treated early.

Annual Gynecological Exam

This includes a pelvic exam and Pap test (cervical screening) to check for abnormal cervical cells and other gynaecological issues.

Breast Exam

Women should perform self-exams monthly and have a clinical breast exam every 1-3 years, starting at age 20. Mammograms are recommended for women over 50 or those at higher risk of breast cancer.

STI Testing

Women who are or have been sexually active should be tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) regularly.

Blood Pressure, Cholesterol and Glucose Level

It's essential to check these regularly, starting at age 20, for any signs of heart disease, diabetes or other health issues.

Osteoporosis Screening

Women over age 65 or those at risk for osteoporosis should have a bone density test to check for osteoporosis.

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Women should begin screening for colorectal cancer at age 50 and continue until age 75.

Eye Examination

An eye examination is recommended every two years for women older than 45 or with vision abnormalities. You may need to be checked for glaucoma after the age of 45.

Flu Vaccinations

A flu vaccine is recommended once a year.

Birth Control

What is Birth Control?

Birth control, also known as contraception, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Several different types of birth control are available, each with its benefits and risks.

There are many different methods of contraception to avoid pregnancy, including the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), the mini-pill, a condom, an intrauterine device (IUD) such as Mirena, an Implanon rod, the natural family planning method and more permanent measures such as tubal ligation and vasectomy for men. 

Some of these methods are confined to women and others to men, while some are reversible and some are permanent.

Who is Suitable for Birth Control?

Most individuals who are sexually active and wish to prevent pregnancy are suitable for birth control. However, certain types of birth control may be more appropriate for specific individuals depending on their health status and lifestyle.

For example, women who smoke or have a history of blood clots may not be suitable for hormonal birth control methods, as these methods can increase the risk of blood clots. Women who have had previous surgeries or have certain medical conditions may not be suitable for specific barrier methods, such as diaphragms or cervical caps.

Individuals unsure about their suitability for birth control or wish to learn more about the different types available birth control should consult a healthcare provider. They will consider the individual's overall health, lifestyle, and personal preferences to recommend the best birth control option for them.

What are the Benefits of Birth Control?

There are many benefits of birth control, including the following:

  • Preventing pregnancy: The most apparent benefit of birth control is that it can help prevent unintended pregnancies. This can help individuals plan for and achieve their family size and timing.
  • Regulating menstrual cycles: Birth control can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and heavy or painful periods.
  • Treating certain medical conditions: Birth control can treat certain medical conditions such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and acne.
  • Improving overall physical health: Birth control can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, such as ovarian and endometrial cancer, and improve bone density.
  • Improving mental health: Birth control can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and also improve overall emotional well-being.
  • Reducing the risk of certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Some types of birth control, such as condoms, can also help reduce the risk of certain STIs.

Birth control methods are for women and men and can be used by couples in a partnership. Birth control methods can also be used for other purposes besides preventing pregnancy, such as reducing the risk of certain types of cancer, managing menstrual symptoms, and reducing the risk of certain sexually transmitted infections.

Hormonal Methods

These methods use hormones to prevent pregnancy. Examples include:

  • The birth control pill is taken orally and contains hormones that prevent ovulation.
  • The patch is a small patch that releases hormones through the skin and is worn on the abdomen, upper arm, or buttocks.
  • The ring is a small, flexible ring inserted into the vagina and releases hormones.

Abstinence

Abstinence means not having sexual intercourse. It is the only birth control method that is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

Barrier Methods

These methods physically block the sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include:

  • Condoms are a barrier method placed on the penis or inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
  • Diaphragms are a barrier method inserted into the vagina before intercourse and cover the cervix.
  • Cervical caps are a barrier method inserted into the vagina before intercourse and cover the cervix.

Long-acting Methods

These methods are designed to be effective for extended periods and typically do not require daily attention. Examples include:

  • The hormonal IUD is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider and releases hormones.
  • The copper IUD is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider and does not release hormones.
  • The contraceptive implant is a small rod inserted under the upper arm's skin by a healthcare provider and releases hormones.

Natural Methods

These methods rely on observing the woman's fertility signs to avoid intercourse during fertile days. Examples include:

  • The rhythm method is a method that involves tracking the menstrual cycle and avoiding intercourse during fertile days.
  • The basal body temperature method is a method that involves tracking the woman's basal body temperature to determine when she is fertile.

Permanent methods

These methods are intended to be permanent and are not easily reversible. Examples include:

  • Tubal ligation (for women) is a surgical procedure that involves cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilisation.
  • Vasectomy (for men) is a surgical procedure that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens to prevent sperm from reaching the semen.

Consult with your doctor to determine which method of birth control is most appropriate for you, taking into account factors such as your overall health, lifestyle, and personal preferences.

Birth Control Effectiveness

The effectiveness of birth control methods can vary depending on the chosen plan and how consistently and correctly it is used.

Hormonal methods, such as the birth control pill, patch, ring, and injection, are highly effective when used as directed. The effectiveness of these methods can be reduced if doses are missed or are not used correctly.

Barrier methods, such as condoms and diaphragms, are also highly effective when used consistently and correctly. However, their effectiveness can be reduced if they break or slip off during intercourse.

Long-acting methods, such as IUDs and implants, are highly effective and do not require daily attention.

Natural methods, such as the rhythm method, fertility awareness, and withdrawal, are less effective and may result in unintended pregnancies.

Permanent methods, such as tubal ligation and vasectomy, are highly effective but are permanent and not easily reversible.

Birth Control Risks and Side Effects

All types of birth control carry some risks and potential side effects. Discuss the risks and benefits of different methods before choosing a birth control method with your doctor.

Common risks and side effects of hormonal birth control methods include:

  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Irregular bleeding
  • Weight gain
  • Depression
  • Blood clots
  • Increased risk of certain types of cancers
  • Risk of hormonal imbalances
  • Risk of interactions with other medications

Barrier methods, such as condoms, may cause irritation or allergic reactions.

Long-acting methods, such as IUDs, may cause pain or discomfort during insertion and removal.

Natural methods, such as the rhythm method, may not be as effective as other methods and result in unintended pregnancies.

Permanent methods, such as tubal ligation or vasectomy, are permanent and not easily reversible.

What if Birth Control is Delayed?


If birth control is delayed, it can increase the risk of unintended pregnancy. Birth control methods work best when used consistently and correctly.

If a person misses a dose of hormonal birth control (such as the pill), they should take the missed dose as soon as possible and use a backup method of birth control, such as condoms, for the next seven days.

If a person misses multiple doses or forgets to start a new pack of hormonal birth control, they should contact their healthcare provider for advice on how to proceed.

If a barrier method (such as a condom) is not used during intercourse, or if it breaks or slips off, emergency contraception (such as the morning-after pill) may be used to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.

Mirena Coil Insertion

What is Mirena Coil Insertion?

Mirena is an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted into the uterus as birth control. Mirena is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic and contains the hormone levonorgestrel. 

Who is Suitable for Mirena Coil Insertion?

Mirena IUD is a suitable birth control option for most women, including those who have given birth or have not given birth. It is generally considered safe for women of all ages. However, it may not be appropriate for women with certain medical conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or certain cancers. Women with a history of ectopic pregnancy, heavy periods or adenomyosis, and those with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or endometriosis may benefit from Mirena.

Benefits of Mirena Coil Insertion

  • Long-acting and highly effective, Mirena can remain in place for up to 5 years, providing birth control without needing daily attention.
  • Mirena releases a small amount of the hormone levonorgestrel, which can help to reduce heavy or painful periods and may also help to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
  • It can be easily removed anytime, and fertility returns quickly after removal.

Mirena Insertion Procedure

A healthcare provider inserts Mirena into the uterus during an office visit. The insertion process takes only a few minutes and is usually done during a routine pelvic exam. Your doctor will clean the cervix and insert the Mirena IUD through the vagina and into the uterus using a small applicator. The Mirena IUD is then released, and the string that hangs down from the bottom of the IUD is trimmed to a length that is comfortable for the person.

After the insertion, the person may experience cramping or discomfort for a short period. Some people may also experience light bleeding or spotting for the first few days after insertion.

Mirena Coil Insertion Effectiveness

Mirena IUD is a highly effective form of birth control. According to the manufacturers, less than 1% of women will become pregnant using the Mirena IUD.

Mirena Coil Insertion Risks

As with any medical procedure, there is a small risk of complications associated with Mirena IUD insertion, such as infection, perforation of the uterus, or expulsion of the IUD. Some people may experience side effects such as irregular or heavy bleeding, headaches, nausea, or acne.

Mirena IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and it's essential to use condoms to reduce the risk of STIs.

Menopause Counselling

Menopause

The word ‘menopause’ comes from the Greek words ‘menos’, meaning month and ‘pause’, meaning to cease. Menopause means the monthly period stops.

Menopause is the natural biological process in which a woman's ovaries stop producing eggs, her hormone levels decrease, and she can no longer become pregnant. It typically occurs between 45 and 55 but can happen earlier or later. Menopause is marked by the end of menstruation, which is confirmed when a woman has not had a period for 12 consecutive months.

During the transition to menopause, which can begin several years before the actual menopause, many women experience symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and sleep problems. These symptoms can vary in intensity and duration from woman to woman. Hormonal changes during menopause can also increase the risk of certain health conditions, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

After menopause, a woman's risk of developing specific diseases increases. She needs to maintain a healthy lifestyle and have regular check-ups with her doctor.

What is Menopause Counselling?

Menopause counselling is a therapy that helps women navigate the physical and emotional changes that occur during menopause. Menopause is a natural cessation.

Who is suitable for Menopause Counselling: Women experiencing symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and mood changes may benefit from menopause counselling.

Benefits of Menopause Counselling

  • It helps women understand and manage the physical and emotional changes of menopause.
  • Provides women with tools to manage symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and mood changes
  • It helps women cope with the emotional changes and feelings of loss that can occur during menopause.

Types of Menopause Counselling

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • Support groups
  • Mindfulness-based therapy
  • Psychoeducation

What Happens in a Menopause Counselling

  • Research different types of counselling and find a therapist who specialises in menopause.
  • Attend regular counselling sessions and work with your therapist to manage your symptoms and address your emotional concerns.
  • Continue to attend counselling sessions as needed and take steps to maintain your emotional and physical well-being during the menopausal transition.

Why Consider Menopause Counselling?

Menopause can be a difficult transition for many women, and counselling can help women understand and manage the physical and emotional changes that occur during this time. It can also help women cope with feelings of loss and emotional changes that can occur during menopause.

Cervical Screening

What is Cervical Screening?

Cervical screening, also known as a Pap test or cervical smear, is used to detect abnormal cells on the cervix, which is the uterine opening. Abnormal cervical cells can be a sign of cervical cancer or precancerous changes.

Who Should Undergo Cervical Screening?

Women who are or have been sexually active are typically recommended to start cervical screening at age 21 and continue through age 65. Women who have had a total hysterectomy may not need to be screened.

Benefits of Cervical Screening

  • Detects abnormal cervical cells that may be precancerous or cancerous
  • Can help prevent cervical cancer by identifying and treating abnormal cells before they become cancerous
  • It can detect other conditions, such as HPV infection and inflammation

Types of Cervical Screening

  • Pap test: A sample of cervical cells is taken and examined under a microscope for abnormal cells
  • HPV test: A sample of cervical cells is tested for the presence of human papillomavirus, which is a risk factor for cervical cancer
  • Co-testing: A combination of a Pap test and HPV test is used to screen for cervical cancer

Cervical Screening Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

  • Before the test, you will be asked to undress from the waist down and lie on an exam table with your feet in stirrups.
  • The healthcare provider will then insert a speculum, a small instrument that helps open the vagina, into the vagina.
  • The provider will then use a small brush or spatula to collect cells from the cervix.
  • The collected cells will then be placed on a slide and sent to a laboratory for analysis.
  • The results of the test will typically be available within a few weeks.

The procedure usually takes around 5-10 minutes and is generally not painful, but there may be some discomfort or mild cramping during the test.

Cervical screening is not a diagnostic test for cervical cancer but can detect abnormal cells before they become cancer. If abnormal cells are found, further testing is needed to determine if they are cancerous. If cervical cancer is detected, the prognosis depends on the cancer stage and other factors, such as the patient's overall health.

Cervical Screening Risks

The test is considered low-risk; some women may experience mild discomfort or bleeding after the test.

Why Consider Cervical Screening?

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer, and regular cervical screening can help detect abnormal cells before they become cancerous. It can also detect other conditions, such as HPV infection and inflammation. 

It is vital for women who are or have been sexually active to start cervical screening at age 21 and continue through age 65.


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